Life Protection Analysis

Pierre & Sam Sutherland — prepared 13 April 2026. Not financial advice — a mathematical framework for your conversation with Mark.

1. Adjust Your Numbers

Drag the sliders to match your actual situation. All calculations below update live.

Gross annual salary£53,000
Monthly take-home pay£3,400
Monthly essential costs (exc. mortgage)£1,200
Accessible savings£10,000
Your age41
Sam's age8
Affects how long children's cover is needed (until he's financially independent)

2. Your Current Exposure

£760
Monthly shortfall on SSP
(mortgage − SSP)
£2,866
Total monthly shortfall
(take-home − SSP)
£318k
Death in service
(6× salary, Aviva)
Mortgage£1,294
£1,294
Essential living£1,200
£1,200
Everything else£906
£906
SSP provides£534 — 16% of outgoings
£534

3. Probability of Claiming

EventProbability (working life to 68)Basis
Off work > 4 weeks~55–65%ONS + CMI
Off work > 6 months~20–25%DWP ESA/UC
Off work > 2 years~8–12%DWP incapacity
Critical illness before 68~22–27%ABI CI tables (male)
Death before 68~7–10%ONS life tables
Child serious illness before 18~1–2%ABI paediatric CI data

Top causes of long-term claims: musculoskeletal (~30%), mental health (~27%), cancer (~15%), cardiovascular (~8%).

4. Expected Value Analysis

Expected Value = P(claim) × Average Payout − Total Premiums Paid
OptionMonthlyTotal (27 yrs)Expected payoutNet value
Full-term, 4-wk£136.78 £44,317£69,600+£25,283
Full-term, 6-mo£74.09 £24,005£51,000+£26,995
2-year, 8-wk£38.59 £12,503£23,760+£11,257
Broker bundle£72.67 £23,545£34,320+£10,775

5. Scenario Modelling

A: Broken leg (4 months)

Full-term, 4-wk 3mo = £6,000
Full-term, 6-mo £0 (recovered first)
2-year, 8-wk 2mo = £4,000

B: Severe burnout (18 months)

Full-term, 4-wk 17mo = £34,000
Full-term, 6-mo 12mo = £24,000
2-year, 8-wk 16mo = £32,000

C: Cancer (4 years)

Full-term, 4-wk 47mo = £94,000
Full-term, 6-mo 42mo = £84,000
2-year, 8-wk 22mo = £44,000 then £74k unfunded gap

6. Death in Service & Life Cover

Existing cover: 6 × £53,000 = £318,000 Mortgage outstanding: £250,408 Surplus after mortgage clearance: £67,592
CheckResult
Mortgage cleared on death?Yes £318k > £250k
Residual for Sam~£68k ~1.5–2 years living costs
Portable if you leave Sparx?No
Single parent riskHigh Sam depends entirely on your income

7. Children's Cover — What Mark Quoted & What Actually Matters

What Mark actually quoted you

Let's break down the broker's bundle recommendation:

Broker bundle: £72.67/month = £38.59 (2-year Income Protection for Pierre) + £34.08 (remaining = life/CI policy below) The life/CI component: £42,000 Index-linked Level Term Assurance WITH Critical Illness WITH Children's Cover Over 27 years (Royal London)

What does each piece actually do?

ComponentWhat it meansWhen it paysAssessment
£42k Level Term Life Pays £42,000 lump sum if you die within 27 years On your death Overlaps You already have £318k Death in Service
£42k Critical Illness Pays £42,000 lump sum if you're diagnosed with a covered condition (cancer, heart attack, stroke, etc.) On diagnosis of qualifying CI Useful but small £42k is ~10 months of take-home — helpful but not transformative
Children's Cover Free add-on: pays a smaller lump sum (~£10k–25k, depending on Royal London terms) if Sam is diagnosed with a qualifying children's critical illness If Sam diagnosed with listed condition before age 21 (or 23 if in education) Nice to have Usually free/cheap when added to parent's policy

The key thing to understand

This is not a policy for Sam. It's a life insurance + critical illness policy for you, with a free children's CI add-on tacked on. The £42k pays if you die or get critically ill. The children's bit is a small bonus. The £34.08/month is almost entirely paying for your CI cover, not Sam's.

Why Mark bundled it this way

The bundle gives the impression of comprehensive cover (income + life + CI + children's) at a reasonable £72.67. But the income protection is the weak 2-year variant, and the £42k life element largely duplicates your Death in Service. The children's cover is the free cherry on top — it sounds good in the recommendation but costs almost nothing to include.

What genuinely matters for protecting Sam

Forget the broker's framing for a moment. As a single parent, here's what actually protects Sam, ranked by impact:

#ProtectionWhy it matters for SamTypical costImpact
1 Your income protection (full-term) If you can't work, Sam's entire world — home, food, school, routine — depends on income still arriving. This is the #1 thing. £74–137/mo Critical
2 Family Income Benefit (FIB) If you die, instead of a lump sum, FIB pays Sam's guardian a monthly income (e.g. £2,000/mo) until he's 18/21. Much more useful than a lump sum — it replaces your role as provider month by month, can't be mismanaged or spent in one go. £15–30/mo Critical
3 Life cover to clear the mortgage Already handled by Death in Service (£318k > £250k mortgage). But not portable — if you leave Sparx, get a standalone policy. £0 (existing) Covered
4 Will & guardianship Who looks after Sam if something happens to you? Without a will naming a guardian, it goes to court. Costs £150–300 one-off from a solicitor. More important than any insurance product. £150–300 once Essential
5 Policy in trust If your life policy is in trust, it pays out directly to Sam's guardian without going through probate (months of delay). Free to set up — LifeSearch offered to help with this. Free Easy win
6 Children's Critical Illness Pays £10–25k if Sam gets seriously ill. Helpful for time off work to care for him, travel to hospitals, adaptations. Usually a free add-on to your policy. £0–5/mo Nice to have
7 Your own Critical Illness cover Lump sum if you're diagnosed. Useful but income protection already covers the ongoing cost of living. CI is for one-off costs: adaptations, private treatment, clearing debts. £30–60/mo for £50k Useful extra
8 Junior ISA / savings Not insurance, but £50/mo into a Junior ISA from age 8 to 18 = ~£7,500–9,000 for Sam at 18 (depending on returns). A head start. £50/mo Long-term

Family Income Benefit (FIB) — the product Mark didn't mention

This is arguably the most underrated product for single parents. Instead of a lump sum on death, it pays a regular monthly income to Sam's guardian until Sam turns 18 (or 21/23 if in education). For example:

£2,000/month FIB until Sam is 21 For a 41-year-old male, non-smoker: ~£18–28/month Total potential payout: £2,000 × 12 × 13 years = £312,000

Compare that to the £42,000 lump sum in Mark's quote at ~£34/month. FIB gives potentially 7x the payout for less money, paid as a steady income rather than a lump sum. It's designed exactly for your situation: ensuring Sam is financially provided for month by month if the worst happens.

Why brokers sometimes skip it: FIB is cheaper than level term + CI, so the commission is lower. That's not necessarily why Mark didn't mention it — he may bring it up in the full meeting — but it's worth asking about.

8. Bang-for-Buck Optimizer

What's the best protection package you can build at each budget level? Prioritised by what genuinely makes the biggest difference for you and Sam.

Estimated premiums for products Mark didn't quote are based on typical UK market rates for a 41-year-old male non-smoker. Ask Mark to confirm exact pricing.

£70 /month Essential
Full-term Income Protection, 6-month deferment£74.09
Children's CI add-on (free with Royal London)£0
Total£74.09
What you get: Full long-term income replacement + Sam's children's CI. Your Death in Service handles life cover. This is £1.42 more than the broker's bundle but infinitely better income protection (full-term vs 2-year cap).
What's missing: No cover during 6-month deferment (need savings/Sparx discretion). No standalone life cover if you leave Sparx.
£80 /month Essential+
Full-term Income Protection, 6-month deferment£74.09
Children's CI add-on£0
Will + guardianship (solicitor, one-off £250 ÷ 12)£~5 equiv.
Total£74.09 + one-off £250
What you get: Same as £70 tier plus the single most important legal protection for Sam: a named guardian. If you haven't done this, do it before buying any more insurance. The remaining ~£6/month headroom could go to a Junior ISA for Sam.
This is the minimum responsible package for a single parent.
£90 /month Solid
Full-term Income Protection, 6-month deferment£74.09
Family Income Benefit £1,000/mo until Sam is 21~£12–15
Children's CI add-on£0
Total~£86–89
What you get: Full income protection + if you die, Sam's guardian gets £1,000/month on top of the Death in Service lump sum. This is a huge upgrade for Sam's long-term security.
Why FIB over the £42k lump sum: £1,000/mo × 13 years = £156,000 potential payout vs £42,000 lump sum. For roughly half the price.
£100 /month Solid+
Full-term Income Protection, 6-month deferment£74.09
Family Income Benefit £2,000/mo until Sam is 21~£22–28
Children's CI add-on£0
Total~£96–102
What you get: Full income protection + £2,000/month for Sam's guardian if you die. Total potential FIB payout: £312,000. Combined with Death in Service clearing the mortgage, Sam's guardian would have a mortgage-free home + £2k/month income + ~£68k lump sum. That's genuinely comprehensive.
This is the sweet spot for most single parents.
£150 /month Strong
Full-term Income Protection, 13-week deferment~£100–110
Family Income Benefit £2,000/mo until Sam is 21~£25
Children's CI add-on£0
Spare for Junior ISA~£15–25
Total~£140–150
What you get: The £100 tier upgraded with a shorter deferment (13 weeks instead of 6 months — much easier to bridge). Plus a Junior ISA building a nest egg for Sam. Every major risk is covered.
The upgrade here is comfort: 13-week deferment means you only need ~£8k in savings to bridge the gap vs ~£17k for 6-month.
£200 /month Strong+
Full-term Income Protection, 4-week deferment£136.78
Family Income Benefit £2,000/mo until Sam is 21~£25
Children's CI add-on£0
£250k decreasing life (portability hedge)~£18
Junior ISA for Sam~£20
Total~£200
What you get: Rolls Royce income protection (4-week deferment = covered almost immediately). FIB for Sam. Standalone life cover so you're protected even if you leave Sparx. Plus savings building for Sam.
What's new: The £250k decreasing life policy is cheap (~£18/mo) and means your mortgage is covered regardless of employer. This removes the single biggest vulnerability in your current setup.
£300 /month Premium
Full-term Income Protection, 4-week deferment£136.78
Family Income Benefit £2,000/mo until Sam is 21~£25
£50,000 standalone Critical Illness~£50–60
£250k decreasing life (portability)~£18
Children's CI add-on£0
Junior ISA for Sam~£50
Total~£280–300
What's new at this level: Standalone critical illness cover (£50k lump sum). This is on top of income protection — it's for one-off costs like home adaptations, private treatment, clearing a chunk of mortgage, or taking time to reassess life. Also a more serious Junior ISA contribution (£50/mo × 10 years = ~£7,500+ for Sam at 18).
Diminishing returns start here. The jump from £100→£200 is more impactful than £200→£300.
£400 /month Fort Knox
Full-term Income Protection, 4-week deferment£136.78
Family Income Benefit £2,500/mo until Sam is 21~£32
£75,000 standalone Critical Illness~£75–85
£300k decreasing life (portability)~£22
Children's CI add-on£0
Income Protection for Nor (if needed, 2-yr)~£30–40
Junior ISA for Sam~£50
Total~£350–400
What's new: Bigger CI cover, bigger FIB, Nor gets basic income protection too, and a solid savings plan for Sam. If Nor has gaps in her employer cover, this closes them.
Honest assessment: Most of the life-changing protection is already in the £100–200 tiers. This level is for maximum peace of mind, not maximum efficiency.

Where the biggest jumps in protection happen

Budget stepWhat changesImpact
£0 → £75 Full-term income protection Massive. Goes from SSP (£534/mo) to £2,000/mo if unable to work. Protects the mortgage and Sam's stability.
£75 → £100 Add Family Income Benefit Huge. If you die, Sam's guardian gets £2k/month for 13 years. Way better than a £42k lump sum.
£100 → £150 Shorter deferment + Junior ISA Good. More comfort, less bridging needed. Savings building for Sam.
£150 → £200 Shortest deferment + portable life cover Good. Removes employer dependency risk.
£200 → £300 Standalone critical illness Moderate. Helpful for lump sum costs but income protection already handles ongoing needs.
£300 → £400 Nor's cover + bigger everything Marginal. Depends on Nor's existing employer cover.

The sweet spot is £100/month. It gives you full-term income protection + FIB for Sam. The two biggest risks (you can't work / you die) are both comprehensively covered. Everything above £100 is refinement, not transformation.

9. Adding Nor

When does adding Nor make sense?

Nor has cover through work. Key questions to clarify with Mark:

QuestionIf yesIf no
Does Nor have income protection through work? She's covered — review annually Same SSP gap as you — budget ~£30–40/mo for basic IP
Is her cover portable? Lower urgency Get standalone policy if she might change jobs
Do you share financial obligations? Both incomes need protecting Her cover is her decision

10. Questions for Mark

  1. Can you quote Family Income Benefit (£2,000/mo until Sam is 21) instead of the £42k level term? I think the monthly income is more useful for Sam than a lump sum.
  2. Can you quote full-term IP with 13-week deferment? (between the 4-week and 6-month options)
  3. Is this "own occupation" definition? (I need cover if I can't do my specific job)
  4. Do premiums increase with the index-linking?
  5. Can we include the free children's CI add-on on whichever policy we go with?
  6. Can all policies be put in trust? You offered — I'd like to take you up on that.
  7. My partner Nor has cover through work — can we check if she has gaps?
  8. Do I need standalone life cover as a portability hedge in case I leave Sparx? What would £250k decreasing term cost?

11. Lifetime Cost Summary

OptionMonthlyAnnualTotal (27 yrs)Daily
Full-term IP, 4-wk£136.78£1,641£44,317£4.50
Full-term IP, 6-mo£74.09£889£24,005£2.44
2-yr IP, 8-wk£38.59£463£12,503£1.27
Broker bundle£72.67£872£23,545£2.39
Full-term IP 13-wk (est.) ~£100~£1,200 ~£32,400~£3.29
Sweet spot: IP 6-mo + FIB £2k ~£100~£1,200 ~£32,400~£3.29

Premiums shown before index-linked increases. Ask Mark to confirm whether premiums are reviewable or guaranteed.